Increasing incidence of acute kidney injury

Several studies reporting an increased incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) over time have garnered significant recent attention. The report shows that the incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients is high, the adult is 21.6%, and the children are 33.7%, the mortality rate of adult AKI patients is as high as 23.9%. Prior studies have reported that pregnancy-associated AKI at the time of delivery has become more common.

Although this has been observed in samples of the general populationand specific subgroups of patients (eg, those undergoing cardiac surgery), there may be heterogeneity across disease groups and the risk may be changing over time. Amin et al, for example, reported that among patients hospitalized across 56 US centers from 2000 to 2008 with acute myocardial infarction, the incidence of AKI has decreased. But for researchers, there are fundamental knowledge gaps in our understanding of AKI epidemiology. More research is urgently needed to quantify accurately the public health burden of AKI.

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References

[1] A.P. Amin, A.C. Salisbury, P.A. McCullough, et al. Trends in the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med, 172 (2012), pp. 246–253

[2] Hsu, C.E. McCulloch, D. Fan, J.D. Ordonez, G.M. Chertow, A.S. Go.Community-based incidence of acute renal failure.C.Y. Kidney Int, 72 (2007), pp. 208–212

[3] R.K. Hsu, C.E. McCulloch, R.A. Dudley, L.J. Lo, C.Y. Hsu. Temporal changes in incidence of dialysis-requiring AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol, 24 (2013), pp. 37–42

[4] Mitchell R. Lunn, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Chi-yuan Hsu.Increasing Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury: Also a Problem in Pregnancy? J Am Kid Dis 65(2015), Pages 650–654

[5] C.R. Lenihan, M.E. Montez-Rath, C.T. Mora Mangano, G.M. Chertow, W.C. Winkelmayer. Trends in acute kidney injury, associated use of dialysis, and mortality after cardiac surgery, 1999 to 2008. Ann Thorac Surg, 95 (2013), pp. 20–28