In 1995, GPNMB gene was cloned from metastatic melanoma cells, which over-expression had been showed to reduce tumor growth, so it is known as glycoprotein (trans-membrane) non-metastatic melanoma protein B. Later, it was also found in osteopetrosis animal model study in 2001, which is also named Osteoactivin (OA).
There are two subtypes of OA: one is non-glycosylated type I trans-membrane protein; the other is highly glycosylated secreted glycoprotein. OA is expressed with different levels in bone, liver, kidney and other tissues, and also has many biological functions, such as involved in a variety of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and other physiological processes. Research OA in different bone cells of autocrine or paracrine function, will further understand its role in bone metabolism, and provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
Research the over-expression of OA and OA on hepatic carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis ability changes, further clarify the role of OA in the process of cell invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that OA can be used as a potential target for the treatment of hepatic cancer.
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