Usually most breast tumors begin in the inner cells of the breast duct, which are surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Previously, scientists believe that the cell layer of myoepithelial cells is a static barrier to prevent cancer infiltration.

    More recently, experiments in laboratory-cultured mouse tissues have shown that the cell layer around the breast duct can reach out and capture escaped cancer cells to prevent their spread in the body. This suggests that the cell layer of myoepithelial cells is an active defense mechanism that inhibits breast cancer metastasis. The paper of Myoepithelial cells are a dynamic barrier to epithelial dissemination was published online in the Journal of Cell Biology.

    It is known that the myoepithelial layer is clinically used to diagnose differential restrictive breast cancer and invasive breast cancer in humans. If breast cancer cells break through the myoepithelial layer, the result is a so-called invasive cancer, which has a higher recurrence rate and requires more aggressive treatment.

    In the study, the researchers engineered cells removed from the inner mammary gland to produce the protein Twist1, which acts by altering gene expression and is involved in cancer metastasis of multiple tumor types.

    Surprisingly, the researchers found that when infiltrating Twist1 cells broke through the myoepithelial layer, myoepithelial cells were able to capture these escaped cells. In a total of 114 observations, 92% of the time it was pulled back into the mammary duct.

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