Researchers from the University of Leeds and the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a new internal regulator that helps control the body's response to infection. This finding may open up new avenues for the development of drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and scleroderma).
The researchers observed the detailed structure of the regulator through a powerful cryo-electron microscope at the Astbury Center at the University of Leeds. It consists of two proteins, called BRISC and SHMT2. The SHMT2 protein is a small molecule, but there are many evidences show it is involved in cellular metabolism and immune responses. By establishing a precise 3D model, they found that the BRISC-SHMT2 complex played a completely unexpected role in regulating immune responses.
The role of protein complexes is to increase the cellular immune response, which occurs when they detect invading pathogens. The structure of the protein complex is resolved, it is possible to design a genetically engineered version of the protein and map the function of the complex in the cell.
The scientists also found that the BRISC-SHMT2 protein complex can be regulated by the active form of vitamin B6.
Although experiments have shown that vitamin B6 is proven to be important for the function of this regulator, they warned that further research is needed to fully understand its role.
This research uses cutting-edge techniques to reveal the basic biological functions of two proteins and how they interact to control the body's immune response to infection. Destroying these proteins may be a new way to address autoimmune diseases. The study may help scientists find a new drug for this regulator that suppresses the immune system and prevents the body from destroying its cells without infection.
"We have a long way to go to find a new way to treat autoimmune diseases, but we are excited because this discovery may open the door to a new drug." The researchers said.
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